Cultivating the Biobased Economy
It is unlikely that one would identify the automobile, long a pariah in the sustainability movement, as a pioneer in the emerging environmental landscape of bio-engineered products. But history is fond of playing practical jokes and di Lampedusa's admonition that "those who forget the past are bound to repeat it" is worth reiterating. When Henry Ford unveiled his "vegetable car" in 1941 it was the crowning achievement of a process that had started some 20 years earlier when he embraced the concept of chemurgy, which is the technology of obtaining useful chemicals from farm products and other organic raw materials. Seventy percent of the vehicle's hand-formed body was engineered from an assortment of agricultural products, including hemp, flax, field straw and cotton, and the remainder consisted of a soy meal resin. Thomas Edison even contributed by providing goldenrods which were used for the tires. The most ironic element however, may have been a gas tank filled with a blend of 85% gasoline and 15% corn-derived ethanol.
这辆蔬菜汽车是亨利·福特（Henry Ford）的战略，即使美国农民从1929年的股市崩溃和1930年代的尘埃碗（Dust Bowl）加剧了二十年的漫长萧条中。不幸的是，对于这个国家和刚起步的化学工业而言，一场世界大战潜伏了几个月，石化产业有望利用巨大的政府研发投资，而农业又回到了最佳的事物，在国内和国外养活了一个国家。现在，在五十年后，在一个沉迷于石油的经济中，政府机构，大学，工业和农业倡导者的重新赞助正在培养和承销农产品的新用途，这些新用途肯定会影响绿色建筑，而且会影响许多其他商业企业。
Defining "Biobased"
定义和同化生物基产品的正式努力发生在1999年发出13134号行政命令，开发和促进生物基生产和生物能源。该订单旨在刺激在大型国家和国际市场中生产生物能量和生物能量竞争性所需的技术的创造和早期采用。2002年的《农业法案》正式建立了类似于综合采购准则的联邦生物基产品采购计划。生物基产品被定义为“全部或重要部分的生物产品或可再生的家庭农业材料（包括植物，动物和海洋材料）或林业材料的商业或工业产品（食品或饲料除外）”。
USDA将其中125多种产品的清单视为FB4P（联邦生物基产品首选采购计划）的一部分。设计和建筑行业当前可用的一些产品包括：
真是绿色…..
So what are the common denominators we can use to analyze biobased products and define their sustainability? The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) recognized that the emergence of a new bio-based industrial sector has the potential for significant, multiple benefits. The reduction of domestic dependence on fossil fuels, the revitalization of the farming industry and rural communities, and improvements in overall environmental quality are all significant dynamics. But such results can only be achieved, they argue, if the feedstocks being utilized by these industries are grown and processed in ways that are ecologically, economically and socially sustainable.
农业纤维板可用于说明。虽然主要成分是一种良性农业副产品，但粘合剂 - 甲基双苯基异氰酸酯（MDI）是一种有毒的石化化学。即使对消费者的威胁要比在刨花板中使用的甲醛较少，但合成化学物质仍然存在束缚。小麦种植过程中农药的使用也可能是一个重大问题。如果农业纤维委员会的生命周期包括通过废水中的硝酸盐污染流域的可持续性？同样，有些人可能会质疑经过转基因的原料是否适合用于可持续产品。例如，陶氏（Dow/Cargill）为客户在其PLA树脂中的常规和转基因玉米之间进行选择。
制定可持续性计竞彩足球app怎么下载数
We have learned by now that there is no holy grail in respect to green building products. If anything, there is a renewed dedication to comprehending the life cycle of any product, even those we support on purely principled grounds. The most efficient place to enhance any product is in its infancy before it is weighed down by the machinery of production or the baggage of marketing and sales. To ask prudent questions and anticipate candid answers is part of any intelligent investigation. Initially many sensed that agrifiber board was the best environmental selection for any number of architectural applications; and it may be. But now, as more exhaustive issues are raised, one can speculate that perhaps products like particleboard -- which is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council with 10 Principles and 57 Criteria that address legal issues, indigenous rights, labor rights, multiple benefits, and environmental impacts surrounding forest management -- might be more sustainable regardless of the presence of formaldehyde.
LEED的价值之一是它不仅促进了环境优先的产品，而且还认识到产品或过程中的绝对值很少。从某种意义上说，LEED挑战了我们的想象力不仅要实现目标，而且超越了目标。这应该是我们在基于生物的产品的刺激和新兴领域方面的立场。当我们认识并接受其内在环境利益时，我们永远不应该如此吸引人，以至于我们无法应用生态，经济和社会的“三重底线”标准，这对于在设计和建筑行业中的有益融合至关重要。
A Final Perspective
福特汽车（Ford Motor）今天宣布了速度加快其混合战略的计划，并在未来五年内为其一半型号提供燃油效率的气体电动汽车。人们几乎可以想象一个令人困惑的亨利·福特（Henry Ford）调查了这种景观，并“我告诉过你……”
--------
缅因州布鲁斯, LEED AP, is a sustainable design consultant with HDR Architecture, a firm based in Omaha, Neb. This column has been reprinted with permission from "e-Notes,” a publication of HDR.
这辆蔬菜汽车是亨利·福特（Henry Ford）的战略，即使美国农民从1929年的股市崩溃和1930年代的尘埃碗（Dust Bowl）加剧了二十年的漫长萧条中。不幸的是，对于这个国家和刚起步的化学工业而言，一场世界大战潜伏了几个月，石化产业有望利用巨大的政府研发投资，而农业又回到了最佳的事物，在国内和国外养活了一个国家。现在，在五十年后，在一个沉迷于石油的经济中，政府机构，大学，工业和农业倡导者的重新赞助正在培养和承销农产品的新用途，这些新用途肯定会影响绿色建筑，而且会影响许多其他商业企业。
Defining "Biobased"
定义和同化生物基产品的正式努力发生在1999年发出13134号行政命令，开发和促进生物基生产和生物能源。该订单旨在刺激在大型国家和国际市场中生产生物能量和生物能量竞争性所需的技术的创造和早期采用。2002年的《农业法案》正式建立了类似于综合采购准则的联邦生物基产品采购计划。生物基产品被定义为“全部或重要部分的生物产品或可再生的家庭农业材料（包括植物，动物和海洋材料）或林业材料的商业或工业产品（食品或饲料除外）”。
USDA将其中125多种产品的清单视为FB4P（联邦生物基产品首选采购计划）的一部分。设计和建筑行业当前可用的一些产品包括：
- Urethane roof coatings
- Hydraulic fluids (for fixed equipment)
- Fertilizers
- Carpet fiber and pad
- Erosion control products
- 编织纤维产品
- Janitorial cleaners
- Dust Suppressant
- 生物流体填充的变压器
- Insulating foams/furniture foams
- Concrete and asphalt release agents
- Paints
- Lumber Substitutes
- 合成纤维
- 粘合剂添加剂
真是绿色…..
So what are the common denominators we can use to analyze biobased products and define their sustainability? The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) recognized that the emergence of a new bio-based industrial sector has the potential for significant, multiple benefits. The reduction of domestic dependence on fossil fuels, the revitalization of the farming industry and rural communities, and improvements in overall environmental quality are all significant dynamics. But such results can only be achieved, they argue, if the feedstocks being utilized by these industries are grown and processed in ways that are ecologically, economically and socially sustainable.
农业纤维板可用于说明。虽然主要成分是一种良性农业副产品，但粘合剂 - 甲基双苯基异氰酸酯（MDI）是一种有毒的石化化学。即使对消费者的威胁要比在刨花板中使用的甲醛较少，但合成化学物质仍然存在束缚。小麦种植过程中农药的使用也可能是一个重大问题。如果农业纤维委员会的生命周期包括通过废水中的硝酸盐污染流域的可持续性？同样，有些人可能会质疑经过转基因的原料是否适合用于可持续产品。例如，陶氏（Dow/Cargill）为客户在其PLA树脂中的常规和转基因玉米之间进行选择。
制定可持续性计竞彩足球app怎么下载数
We have learned by now that there is no holy grail in respect to green building products. If anything, there is a renewed dedication to comprehending the life cycle of any product, even those we support on purely principled grounds. The most efficient place to enhance any product is in its infancy before it is weighed down by the machinery of production or the baggage of marketing and sales. To ask prudent questions and anticipate candid answers is part of any intelligent investigation. Initially many sensed that agrifiber board was the best environmental selection for any number of architectural applications; and it may be. But now, as more exhaustive issues are raised, one can speculate that perhaps products like particleboard -- which is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council with 10 Principles and 57 Criteria that address legal issues, indigenous rights, labor rights, multiple benefits, and environmental impacts surrounding forest management -- might be more sustainable regardless of the presence of formaldehyde.
LEED的价值之一是它不仅促进了环境优先的产品，而且还认识到产品或过程中的绝对值很少。从某种意义上说，LEED挑战了我们的想象力不仅要实现目标，而且超越了目标。这应该是我们在基于生物的产品的刺激和新兴领域方面的立场。当我们认识并接受其内在环境利益时，我们永远不应该如此吸引人，以至于我们无法应用生态，经济和社会的“三重底线”标准，这对于在设计和建筑行业中的有益融合至关重要。
A Final Perspective
福特汽车（Ford Motor）今天宣布了速度加快其混合战略的计划，并在未来五年内为其一半型号提供燃油效率的气体电动汽车。人们几乎可以想象一个令人困惑的亨利·福特（Henry Ford）调查了这种景观，并“我告诉过你……”
--------
缅因州布鲁斯, LEED AP, is a sustainable design consultant with HDR Architecture, a firm based in Omaha, Neb. This column has been reprinted with permission from "e-Notes,” a publication of HDR.